Application layer round trip time (RTT) in milliseconds, which includes the server processing time. If you are running a web server, it often shows the world what type of server it is, its version number, and the operating system. Collaboration platform does not clear team emails in a response, allowing leak of email addresses. The severity in this case depends on what the attacker is able to do with this information. If you're already familiar with the basic concepts behind information disclosure vulnerabilities and just want to practice exploiting them on some realistic, deliberately vulnerable targets, you can access all of the labs in this topic from the link below. Information exposure through query strings in URL is when sensitive data is passed to parameters in the URL. This creates the following rewrite: getMessage(), '\n'; public BankAccount getUserBankAccount(String username, String accountNumber) {, query = "SELECT * FROM accounts WHERE owner = ". Biweekly interim lump-sum Describes the human language(s) intended for the audience, so that it allows a user to differentiate according to the users' own preferred language. Catch critical bugs; ship more secure software, more quickly. Other options are often available. Contains an Internet email address for a human user who controls the requesting user agent. However, in the wrong hands, this could be the key information required to construct any number of other exploits. In some cases it deals with the accidental exposure of information from a different weakness, but in other cases (such as "memory leak"), this deals with improper tracking of resources, which can lead to exhaustion. This is a frequently used term, however the "leak" term has multiple uses within security. It must not rely on the information of the JWT header to select the verification algorithm. [REF-172] Chris Wysopal. Expose management endpoints via different HTTP ports or hosts preferably on a different NIC and restricted subnet. Always use the semantically appropriate status code for the response. It is a Structured Header whose value is a token with possible values cross-site, same-origin, same-site, and none. logging of connections or message headers, indirect information, such as a discrepancy between two internal operations that can be observed by an outsider, people or organizations whose information is created or used by the product, even if they are not direct product users, the product's administrators, including the admins of the system(s) and/or networks on which the product operates, the code manages resources that intentionally contain sensitive information, but the resources are. Force communication using HTTPS instead of HTTP. For users who are mapping an issue to CWE/CAPEC IDs, i.e., finding the most appropriate CWE for a specific issue (e.g., a CVE record). An attacker can use this information to target the configuration file (perhaps exploiting a Path Traversal weakness). It is less accurate than ETag, but easier to calculate in some environments. The severity of the error can range widely, depending on the context in which the product For example, there may be high likelihood that a weakness will be exploited to achieve a certain impact, but a low likelihood that it will be exploited to achieve a different impact. print "Login Failed - incorrect password"; "Login Failed - incorrect username or password". Remove the X-Powered-By header from IIS If the Upgrade header field is specified, then the sender MUST also send the Connection header field with the upgrade option specified. More specific than a Base weakness. A number that indicates the desired resource width in physical pixels (i.e. Contains information from the client-facing side of proxy servers that is altered or lost when a proxy is involved in the path of the request. Ensure sending intended content type headers in your response matching your body content e.g. Each of these REST calls is stateless and the endpoint should check whether the caller is authorized to perform the requested operation. A number that indicates the layout viewport width in CSS pixels. I have removed all the HTTP-HEADERS out of the IIS configuration for the website (X-Powered-By or some such header). This code stores location information about the current user: When the application encounters an exception it will write the user object to the log. The Referer (sic) header contains the address of a request (for example, the address of the previous web page from which a link to the currently requested page was If you want to set up this configuration on a site-by-site basis, check out the UrlScan Setup article by Microsoft. This term is frequently used in vulnerability advisories to describe a consequence or technical impact, for any vulnerability that has a loss of confidentiality. The obvious exception to this is when the leaked information is so sensitive that it warrants attention in its own right. that is linked to a certain type of product, typically involving a specific language or technology. Details of Problematic Mappings. The Scope identifies the application security area that is violated, while the Impact describes the negative technical impact that arises if an adversary succeeds in exploiting this weakness. This code displays some information on a web page. WebA banner grab is performed by sending an HTTP request to the web server and examining its response header. Example 1. User agent's underlying CPU architecture bitness (for example "64" bit). Indicates an alternate location for the returned data. Local fix. Accelerate penetration testing - find more bugs, more quickly. Indicates how long the results of a preflight request can be cached. REST (or REpresentational State Transfer) is an architectural style first described in Roy Fielding's Ph.D. dissertation on Architectural Styles and the Design of Network-based Software Architectures. (where the weakness is a quality issue that might indirectly make it easier to introduce security-relevant weaknesses or make them more difficult to detect), Developers may insert sensitive information that they do not believe, or they might forget to remove the sensitive information after it has been processed, Separate mistakes or weaknesses could inadvertently make the sensitive information available to an attacker, such as in a detailed error message that can be read by an unauthorized party. This does not solve any vulnerabilities and thus does not eliminate the need to install updates. Apply an allow list of permitted HTTP Methods e.g. In order to implement flows with REST APIs, resources are typically created, read, updated and deleted.